Investigation of the variation in quantitative characteristics of essential oil of Ziziphora tenuior at different phenological stages

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

2 Department of Agriculture, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

10.22091/ethc.2025.12691.1054

Abstract

Objective: The medicinal plant Ziziphora is one of the most popular and widely used herbs in traditional Iranian medicine and is mainly distributed in the southern and central regions of Iran. This study was conducted in the Baft region of Kerman Province to evaluate the effect of diffetent phenological stages on the essential oil content of Ziziphora tenuior.
Methods: This study was designed and conducted using an independent t-test. The phenological stage was considered as the experimental factor at two levels: pre-flowering and flowering. Essential oil was extracted from plant samples using a Clevenger apparatus, and after dehydration, the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and comparisons were made at a significance level of 0.01.
Results: The results indicated thatharvest time had a significant effect on essential oil content. Samples harvested before flowering contained significantly lower amounts of essential oil compared to those harvested at the flowering stage. The essential oil content increased by more than twofold from the pre-flowering stage to the flowering stage, rising from 0.43% to 1.00%.
Conclusion: The findingsdemonstrated that as plant age increased and the phenological stage progressed from pre-flowering to flowering, the essential oil content increased significantly. This increase is likely associated with physiological changes in the plant and the enhanced production of volatile compounds during the flowering stage. 

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