نقش پوشش گیاهی در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی خاک (مطالعه موردی جنگل‌های هیرکانی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم‌ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22091/ethc.2024.10617.1025

چکیده

هدف: حشرات نقش مهمی در تنوع زیستی خاک جنگل­ها دارند و به تغییرات پوشش گیاهی پاسخ می‌دهند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تنوع زیستی حشرات خاک­زی در جنگل­های هیرکانی با استفاده از تکنیک­های بارکدینگ DNA و بررسی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی در مناطق جنگلی بر حشرات خاک­زی است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش حشرات خاک­زی از ناحیه مرکزی جنگل‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از 48 ترانسکت و 72 کوادرات جمع­آوری شدند. در ابتدا نمونه‌ها به 105 MorphOTU دسته‌بندی شدند. سپس برای شناسایی واحدهای عملکردی تاکسونومیک OTU)ها(، بارکدینگ DNA انجام شد. تفاوت تراکم و ترکیب جوامع حشرات خاک­زی بین جنگل­های طبیعی و دست کاشت با استفاده از آنالیزهای آماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج: در مجموع 87 OTU شناسایی شد که شامل 59 MOTU و 18 MorphOTU بود. آنالیزهای آماری، تفاوت معنی‌داری را در تراکم بین جنگل­های طبیعی و کاشته شده نشان نداد. اما تفاوت میان ترکیب جوامع آن­ها بین این دو ناحیه معنی­دار بود. بررسی تنوع β بین این دو ناحیه، بیانگر رویدادTurnover  است.
نتیجه‌گیری: اگرچه تغییراتی در ترکیب جامعه مشاهده شد، اما پایداری جوامع حشرات خاک­زی بین دو نوع زیستگاه نشان می‌دهد که جنگل‌هایی که با درختان ثانویه جایگزین شدند، پس از گذشت 20 سال، زمان کافی برای بازیابی داشته‌اند. علاوه ­بر این، یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد که پوشش گیاهی متنوع نقش مهمی در حفظ تنوع و فراوانی بیشتری از حشرات دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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