تأثیر تغییر کاربری زمین بر تنوع عنکبوت‌ها (Araneae) در مراتع و پارک‌های شهری اطراف تهران (چیتگر، لویزان و درکه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم‌ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22091/ethc.2025.11886.1044

چکیده

هدف: تغییر کاربری اراضی، اثرات منفی متعددی بر تنوع زیستی، حاصلخیزی خاک و خدمات اکوسیستمی دارند. عنکبوتیان به عنوان شاخص تنوع زیستی تحت تأثیر تغییر کاربری­ها قرار می­گیرند. به‌طوری‌که ساختار پوشش گیاهی و تنوع زیستی بر ترکیب و فراوانی عنکبوتیان تأثیر می‌گذارد. ازاین‌رو هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر تبدیل مراتع به پارک­های شهری با مطالعه­ی تنوع عنکبوت­ها بین دو ناحیه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: عنکبوت‌ها در فصل بهار از مراتع و پارک­های شهری سه منطقه چیتگر، لویزان و درکه جمع‌آوری شدند. در هر رویشگاه، دو سایت انتخاب و در هر سایت، شش کوادرات بررسی شد؛ به‌طوری‌که در مجموع 72 کوادرات مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
نتایج: در کل، 318 نمونه جمع‌آوری و بر اساس صفات ریختی، 67 واحد عملکردی ریختی تاکسونومیک (MorphOTU) شناسایی شدند. نتایج آنالیز واریانس­ها نشان داد که تفاوت بین مرتع و پارک شهری در مجموع معنی‌دار است؛ اما تفاوت بین دو ناحیه در هر منطقه معنی‌داری نبود. تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره بیانگر این بود که ترکیب جوامع عنکبوتی در مرتع و پارک شهری به طور قابل توجهی متفاوت است. تحلیل آنالیز تنوع β مبین Turnover بین مراتع و پارک­های شهری در هر یک ازاین مناطق است.
نتیجه‌گیری: تغییر کاربری مراتع به پارک‌های شهری می‌تواند تأثیرات منفی بر جمعیت عنکبوت‌ها و تنوع آن­ها داشته باشد و به کاهش زیستگاه‌های طبیعی آنها منجر شود. بنابراین، حفظ صحیح مراتع برای حفاظت از تنوع عنکبوتیان  ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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